Prenatal exposure to VOCs and NOx and lung function in preschoolers.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that exposure to air pollutants affects lung growth and development and can result in poor respiratory health in early life. METHODS: We included a subsample of 772 Mexican preschoolers whose mothers participated in a Prenatal Omega-3 fatty acid Supplements, GRowth, And Development birth cohort study with the aim to evaluate the impact of prenatal exposure to volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides on lung function measured by oscillation tests. The preschoolers were followed until 5 years of age. Anthropometric measurements and forced oscillation tests were performed at 36, 48, and 60 months of age. Information on sociodemographic and health characteristics was obtained during follow up. Prenatal exposure to volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides was evaluated using a land use regression models and the association between them was tested using a lineal regression and longitudinal linear mixed effect models adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Overall, the mean (standard deviation) of the measurements of respiratory system resistance and respiratory system reactance at 6, 8, and 10 Hz during the follow-up period was 11.3 (2.4), 11.1 (2.4), 10.3 (2.2) and -5.2 (1.6), -4.8 (1.7), and -4.6 hPa s L-1 (1.6), respectively. We found a significantly positive association between respiratory resistance (ßRrs6 = 0.011; 95%CI: 0.001, 0.023) (P < .05) and prenatal exposure to nitrogen dioxide and a marginally negatively association between respiratory reactance (ßXrs6 = -11.40 95%CI: -25.26, 1.17 and ßXrs8 = -11.91 95%CI: -26.51, 1.43) (P = .07) and prenatal exposure to xylene. CONCLUSION: Prenatal exposure to air pollutants was significantly associated with the alteration of lung function measured by oscillation tests in these preschool children.

Variación de la presión intraocular postrabeculectomía / Variation of the intraocular post trabeculectomy pressure

Introducción: la presión intraocular es hasta el momento, el único parámetro sobre el que se puede influir para detener la progresión de la neuropatía óptica glaucomatosa. La trabeculectomía constituye la técnica quirúrgica de elección para el tratamiento de la mayoría de los glaucomas. Objetivo: describir las variaciones de la presión intraocular durante los tres primeros meses postrabeculectomía. Métodos: se realizó una investigación longitudinal prospectiva, el universo estuvo conformado por 22 pacientes (27 ojos) trabeculectomizados en el Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández en el período noviembre 2012-julio 2013. Resultados: la mayoría de los ojos presentaron algún aumento de la presión intraocular durante el primer mes de cirugía. Los ojos en que se usaron antimetabolitos y los que no usaron estos fármacos mantuvieron el mismo patrón de comportamiento en cuanto a presión. Los ojos con glaucoma agudo por cierre angular primario mostraron picos más altos de presión intraocular. A pesar de la frecuencia de riesgos preoperatorios de fracaso quirúrgico se logró reducción de presión intraocular a los 3 meses. Conclusiones: los resultados de este estudio demostraron que existen variaciones de la presión intraocular durante el posoperatorio de pacientes trabeculectomizados. Esta técnica reduce la presión preoperatoria y el uso de antimetabolitos disminuye el riesgo de fracaso quirúrgico(AU)

Background: Intraocular pressure is, up to the moment, the unique parameter on which we could influence to stop the progress of the glaucoma optical neuropathy. Trabeculectomy is the surgical technique of election for treating most of glaucoma. Aim: to describe intraocular pressure variation during the first three months after trabeculectomy. Methods: We carried out a prospective longitudinal research; the universe was formed by 22 patients (27 eyes) trabeculectomized in the Clinico-surgical University Hospital Faustino Perez in the period November 2012-July 2013. Results: Most of eyes had some intraocular pressure increase during the first month after surgery. The same behavior pattern according to pressure was observed in eyes in which anti-metabolites were used and in those in which anti-metabolites were not used. Eyes with acute glaucoma caused by angular primary closure showed higher intraocular pressure peaks. In spite of the frequency of surgical failure pre-operatory risks we achieved the intra-ocular pressure reduction three months after surgery. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that there are intraocular pressure variations during the post-surgical period of trabeculectomized patients. This technique reduces pre-operatory pressure and the anti-metabolites usage decreases the surgical failure risk(AU)

Variación de la presión intraocular postrabeculectomía / Variation of the intraocular post trabeculectomy pressure

Introducción: la presión intraocular es hasta el momento, el único parámetro sobre el que se puede influir para detener la progresión de la neuropatía óptica glaucomatosa. La trabeculectomía constituye la técnica quirúrgica de elección para el tratamiento de la mayoría de los glaucomas. Objetivo: describir las variaciones de la presión intraocular durante los tres primeros meses postrabeculectomía. Métodos: se realizó una investigación longitudinal prospectiva, el universo estuvo conformado por 22 pacientes (27 ojos) trabeculectomizados en el Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández en el período noviembre 2012-julio 2013. Resultados: la mayoría de los ojos presentaron algún aumento de la presión intraocular durante el primer mes de cirugía. Los ojos en que se usaron antimetabolitos y los que no usaron estos fármacos mantuvieron el mismo patrón de comportamiento en cuanto a presión. Los ojos con glaucoma agudo por cierre angular primario mostraron picos más altos de presión intraocular. A pesar de la frecuencia de riesgos preoperatorios de fracaso quirúrgico se logró reducción de presión intraocular a los 3 meses. Conclusiones: los resultados de este estudio demostraron que existen variaciones de la presión intraocular durante el posoperatorio de pacientes trabeculectomizados. Esta técnica reduce la presión preoperatoria y el uso de antimetabolitos disminuye el riesgo de fracaso quirúrgico.

Background: Intraocular pressure is, up to the moment, the unique parameter on which we could influence to stop the progress of the glaucoma optical neuropathy. Trabeculectomy is the surgical technique of election for treating most of glaucoma. Aim: to describe intraocular pressure variation during the first three months after trabeculectomy. Methods: We carried out a prospective longitudinal research; the universe was formed by 22 patients (27 eyes) trabeculectomized in the Clinico-surgical University Hospital Faustino Perez in the period November 2012-July 2013. Results: Most of eyes had some intraocular pressure increase during the first month after surgery. The same behavior pattern according to pressure was observed in eyes in which anti-metabolites were used and in those in which anti-metabolites were not used. Eyes with acute glaucoma caused by angular primary closure showed higher intraocular pressure peaks. In spite of the frequency of surgical failure pre-operatory risks we achieved the intra-ocular pressure reduction three months after surgery. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that there are intraocular pressure variations during the post-surgical period of trabeculectomized patients. This technique reduces pre-operatory pressure and the anti-metabolites usage decreases the surgical failure risk.

Serotyping of Avibacterium paragallinarum isolates from Peru.

This study appears to represent the first serotyping study of 24 isolates of Avibacterium paragallinarum obtained from different regions of Peru during 1998-2008. All isolates were characterized as beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dependent. According to the Page scheme, modified by Blackall, it was found that eight isolates were classified as serogroup A, seven isolates as serogroup B, and five isolates as serogroup C, while four isolates could not be serotyped. Further serotyping, following the same scheme but using rabbit antiserum raised against Argentinean strains of the three serogroups, allowed allocation of these four unclassified isolates to serogroup B. These results suggest that some of the Peruvian B isolates appear to be similar to the previously described variant B isolates from Argentina. Therefore, inactivated vaccines used in Peru should include the three recognized serogroups (A, B, and C), with the addition of at least one of these variant B isolates. Cross-protection trials are needed to compare the protection conferred by vaccines containing traditional B serovar strains to the protection by experimental vaccines containing variant B serovar isolates from Peru.